Development and evaluation of medical diagnostic algorithms for indirect CBRN detection of hazardous substances, as well as the development of innovative tactical SOPs for medical rescue personnel.

This paper examines the challenges posed by chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards and highlights the limited and inconsistent availability of medical diagnostic algorithms and operational SOPs for emergency responders in Germany. Through an extensive literature review, the study develops a consolidated SOP and evaluates personal protective equipment as key components of effective response to chemical incidents. The findings underline the need for further research, standardisation and integration with existing emergency structures, while also pointing to future potential in smart protective clothing and vital sign monitoring to enable earlier detection and diagnosis of chemical exposure.