https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/25/287/2025/

This study uses data from the EU’s Risk Data Hub to identify multi-hazard exposure across Europe at the local administrative unit level. By aggregating hotspots of individual hazards, the authors provide a statistically robust pan-European assessment showing that over 21% of local regions – home to nearly 87 million people – face multiple natural hazards. The analysis highlights income level as a key driver of local risk and shows strong correlation between multi-hazard hotspots and disaster fatalities. The findings support more effective integration of multi-hazard risks into European disaster risk management planning.